PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To the Prospectus dated January 21, 2022)

CROWN ELECTROKINETICS CORP.

SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

We are offering shares of our common stock. Each share of our common stock will be sold at a price of $0.80 per share. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “CRKN”. On July 19, 2022, the closing sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $1.11 per share.

We are a “smaller reporting company” under the federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk, and certain risks are described in the “Risk Factors” sections beginning on page S-8 of this prospectus supplement and on page 13 of the accompanying prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. You should carefully consider these risks before deciding to purchase our common stock.

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(1)       See “Underwriting” beginning on page S-12 of this prospectus supplement for additional information regarding underwriting compensation and expense reimbursement.

(2)       The figures above do not include proceeds or fees related to the Private Placement

This offering is being underwritten on a firm commitment basis. We have granted the underwriter an option for a period of 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement to purchase up to an additional 187,500 shares of common stock (15% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock in this offering) at the public offering price per share of common stock set forth above, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If the underwriter exercises this option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions will be $80,500, and our total proceeds, before expenses, will be $1,069,500.

We intend to issue and sell to certain other investors shares of our Series D Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock equal to 100% of the shares of Series D Preferred Stock to be issued to such investors, in a private placement for up to $7 million in the aggregate (the “Private Placement”). The closing of the Private Placement is not conditioned on the closing of this public offering. See “Summary — Private Placement” elsewhere in this prospectus supplement. The closing of this public offering is not conditioned upon the closing of the Private Placement.

As of July 19, 2022, the aggregate market value of our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 was $15,481,475, which was calculated based upon 12,385,180 shares of our common stock outstanding held by non-affiliates and at a price of $1.25 per share, the closing price of our common stock on June 7, 2022. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell shares pursuant to this prospectus supplement with a value of more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates in any 12-month period, so long as the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $75,000,000. We have not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the prior 12-month calendar period that ends on, and includes, the date of this prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriter expects to deliver the shares of common stock to the purchasers on or about July 22, 2022.

Roth Capital Partners

__________________________________________

The date of this prospectus supplement is July 19, 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

Prospectus

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This document is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process and consists of two parts. The first part is the prospectus supplement, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, which describes the specific terms of this offering. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference therein, provides more general information.

In general, when we refer only to the prospectus, we are referring to both parts of this document combined. Before you invest, you should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, all information incorporated by reference herein and therein, as well as the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information”. These documents contain information you should carefully consider when deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Neither we nor the underwriter has authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representation, other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the underwriter take any responsibility for, and provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents, regardless of the time of delivery thereof. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since those dates.

This prospectus supplement may add, update or change information contained in the accompanying prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on information contained in this prospectus supplement, provided that if any statement in, or incorporated by reference into, one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of common stock or possession or distribution of this prospectus supplement in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus supplement in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus supplement applicable to that jurisdiction.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus supplement to “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company”, refer to Crown Electrokinetics Corp., a Delaware corporation.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus supplement, the accompany prospectus, and any documents we incorporate by reference, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompany prospectus and any documents we incorporate by reference other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “predict”, “project”, “target”, “potential”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “continue”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

These forward-looking statements are only predictions and we may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, so you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and operating results. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as well as certain information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, that could cause actual future results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein after we distribute this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

You should read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any documents we incorporate by reference, with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions described under Item 1A, “Risk Factors”, in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which risk factors are incorporated herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future and any prospectus supplement related to a particular offering. The risks and uncertainties we have described in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of any of these known or unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.

Risks Related to this Offering

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

Our management has broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Our management could spend the net proceeds from this offering in ways that do not improve our results of operations or financial condition, or that do not enhance the value of our common stock. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could result in substantial financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our common stock to significantly decline. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering you will experience immediate and substantial dilution in your investment.

Since the price per share of common stock being offered is higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer dilution with respect to the net tangible book value of the shares of common stock you purchase in this offering. Based on a public offering price of $ per share and our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2022, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $ per share with respect to the net tangible book value of the common stock. See “Dilution” for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering.

The sale of the securities registered in this offering could cause our stock price to decline.

The sale of a significant amount of the shares of common stock registered in this offering at any given time could cause the trading price of our common stock or other securities to decline and be highly volatile.

Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Securities

The Company’s stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, low trading volume and price volatility.

The Company’s common stock is quoted on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CRKN.” The daily trading volumes for our common stock are, and may continue to be, relatively small compared to many other publicly traded securities. It may be difficult for investors to sell shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices, and the price of our common stock may, therefore, be volatile. You may have difficulty buying and selling our shares of common stock at all or at prices you consider reasonable, and market visibility for shares of our common stock may be limited, which may have a depressive effect on the market price for shares of our common stock.

UNDERWRITING

We have entered into an underwriting agreement, dated July 19, 2022, with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, who we refer to as the representative of the underwriters set forth in the table below, with respect to the shares of common stock subject to this offering. Subject to certain conditions, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, and the underwriter has agreed to purchase, the number of shares of our common stock provided below.

The underwriter is offering the shares subject to their acceptance of the shares of common stock from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the underwriter to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement is subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriter is obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriter is not required to take or pay for the shares of common stock covered by the over-allotment option described below.

Over-Allotment Option

We have granted the underwriter an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement, to purchase up to an aggregate of 187,500 additional shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, less the underwriting discount. The underwriter may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares offered by this prospectus supplement. If the underwriter exercises their option, the underwriter will be obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase the number of additional shares of common stock for which the option has been exercised.

Discount, Commissions, and Expenses

The underwriter has advised us that they propose to offer the shares of common stock to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $0.028 per share. The underwriter may allow, and certain dealers may reallow, a discount from the concession not in excess of $0.028 per share to certain brokers and dealers. After this offering, the public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be changed by the underwriter. No such change will change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement. The shares are offered by the underwriter as stated herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part. The underwriter has informed us that they do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

The following table shows the underwriting discounts payable to the underwriter by us in connection with this offering. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option to purchase additional shares of common stock.

We have agreed to reimburse the representative of the underwriters for certain out-of-pocket expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its counsel, up to an aggregate of $75,000. We estimate that the total expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discounts referred to above, will be approximately $75,000.

Underwriter Warrants

Upon the closing of this offering, we have agreed to issue to the underwriter warrants, or the underwriter warrants, to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to up to 5% of the total shares of common stock sold in this offering. The underwriter warrants will be exercisable at a per share exercise price equal to 100% of the public offering price per share of common stock sold in this offering. The underwriter warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four and a half year period commencing six months after the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering.

The underwriter warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the underwriter warrants have been deemed compensation by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(g)(1) of FINRA. The underwriter, or permitted assignees under such rule, may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate the underwriter warrants or the securities underlying the underwriter warrants, nor will the underwriter engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the underwriter warrants or the underlying shares for a period of 180 days from the closing of the offering. Additionally, the underwriter warrants may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a 180-day period following the closing of the offering except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in this offering and their bona fide officers or partners. The underwriter warrants will provide for adjustment in the number and price of the underwriter warrants and the shares of common stock underlying such underwriter warrants in the event of recapitalization, merger, stock split or other structural transaction, or a future financing undertaken by us.

Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement described above, or to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

Lock-Up Agreements

We, our executive officers, and our directors have agreed to, subject to limited exceptions, for a period of 30 days after the date of the underwriting agreement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale, or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock either owned as of the date of the underwriting agreement or thereafter acquired without the prior written consent of the representative of the underwriters. The representative of the underwriters may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions, and Penalty Bids

In connection with the offering the underwriter may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions, and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act:

•        Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

•        Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriter of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriter is obligated to purchase, which creates a short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by the underwriter is not greater than the number of shares that it may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriter may close out any covered short position by either exercising its over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market.

•        Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of shares of the common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which it may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. If the underwriter sells more shares than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

•        Penalty bids permit a syndicate representative to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the common stock originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.

The underwriter may also engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the common stock at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions, and penalty bids, to the extent applicable, may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Neither we nor the underwriter makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. In addition, neither we nor the underwriter make any representations that the underwriter will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

The NASDAQ Capital Market Listing and Transfer Agent

Our shares of common stock are listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CRKN.” VStock Transfer, LLC serves as the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

Electronic Distribution

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the underwriter or by its affiliates. Other than this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the underwriter is not part of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, or the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus form a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any underwriter in its capacity as underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.

Other

From time to time, the underwriter and/or its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. In the course of their businesses, the underwriter and its affiliates may actively trade our securities or loans for their own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, the underwriter and its affiliates may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities or loans. Except for services provided in connection with this offering, no underwriter has provided any investment banking or other financial services to us during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus supplement and we do not expect to retain any underwriter to perform any investment banking or other financial services for at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus supplement.

Offer restrictions outside the United States

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriter that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed

or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

Australia

This prospectus is not a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act, has not been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and does not purport to include the information required of a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act. Accordingly, (i) the offer of the securities under this prospectus is only made to persons to whom it is lawful to offer the securities without disclosure under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act under one or more exemptions set out in section 708 of the Australian Corporations Act, (ii) this prospectus is made available in Australia only to those persons as set forth in clause (i) above, and (iii) the offeree must be sent a notice stating in substance that by accepting this offer, the offeree represents that the offeree is such a person as set forth in clause (i) above, and, unless permitted under the Australian Corporations Act, agrees not to sell or offer for sale within Australia any of the securities sold to the offeree within 12 months after its transfer to the offeree under this prospectus.

China

The information in this document does not constitute a public offer of the securities, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the People’s Republic of China (excluding, for purposes of this paragraph, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). The securities may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly in the PRC to legal or natural persons other than directly to “qualified domestic institutional investors.”

European Economic Area — Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands

The information in this document has been prepared on the basis that all offers of securities will be made pursuant to an exemption under the Directive 2003/71/EC (“Prospectus Directive”), as implemented in Member States of the European Economic Area (each, a “Relevant Member State”), from the requirement to produce a prospectus for offers of securities.

An offer to the public of securities has not been made, and may not be made, in a Relevant Member State except pursuant to one of the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive as implemented in that Relevant Member State:

•        to legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

•        to any legal entity that has two or more of (i) an average of at least 250 employees during its last fiscal year; (ii) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 (as shown on its last annual unconsolidated or consolidated financial statements) and (iii) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000 (as shown on its last annual unconsolidated or consolidated financial statements);

•        to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining our prior consent or any underwriter for any such offer; or

•        in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of securities shall require us to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

France

This document is not being distributed in the context of a public offering of financial securities (offre au public de titres financiers) in France within the meaning of Article L.411-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier) and Articles 211-1 et seq. of the General Regulation of the French Autorité des marchés financiers (“AMF”). The securities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.

This document and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the AMF for approval in France and, accordingly, may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.

Such offers, sales and distributions have been and shall only be made in France to (i) qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance with Articles L.411-2-II-2 and D.411-1 to D.411-3, D. 744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing regulation and/or (ii) a restricted number of non-qualified investors (cercle restreint d’investisseurs) acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance with Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-4, D.744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing regulation.

Pursuant to Article 211-3 of the General Regulation of the AMF, investors in France are informed that the securities cannot be distributed (directly or indirectly) to the public by the investors otherwise than in accordance with Articles L.411-1, L.411-2, L.412-1 and L.621-8 to L.621-8-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code.

Ireland

The information in this document does not constitute a prospectus under any Irish laws or regulations and this document has not been filed with or approved by any Irish regulatory authority as the information has not been prepared in the context of a public offering of securities in Ireland within the meaning of the Irish Prospectus (Directive 2003/71/EC) Regulations 2005 (the “Prospectus Regulations”). The securities have not been offered or sold, and will not be offered, sold or delivered directly or indirectly in Ireland by way of a public offering, except to (i) qualified investors as defined in Regulation 2(l) of the Prospectus Regulations and (ii) fewer than 100 natural or legal persons who are not qualified investors.

Israel

The securities offered by this prospectus have not been approved or disapproved by the Israeli Securities Authority (the ISA), or ISA, nor have such securities been registered for sale in Israel. The shares may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Israel, absent the publication of a prospectus. The ISA has not issued permits, approvals or licenses in connection with this offering or publishing the prospectus; nor has it authenticated the details included herein, confirmed their reliability or completeness, or rendered an opinion as to the quality of the securities being offered. Any resale in Israel, directly or indirectly, to the public of the securities offered by this prospectus is subject to restrictions on transferability and must be effected only in compliance with the Israeli securities laws and regulations.

Italy

The offering of the securities in the Republic of Italy has not been authorized by the Italian Securities and Exchange Commission (Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa, “CONSOB” pursuant to the Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, no offering material relating to the securities may be distributed in Italy and such securities may not be offered or sold in Italy in a public offer within the meaning of Article 1.1(t) of Legislative Decree No. 58 of 24 February 1998 (“Decree No. 58”), other than:

•        to Italian qualified investors, as defined in Article 100 of Decree no. 58 by reference to Article 34-ter of CONSOB Regulation no. 11971 of 14 May 1999 (“Regulation no. 1197l”) as amended (“Qualified Investors”); and

•        in other circumstances that are exempt from the rules on public offer pursuant to Article 100 of Decree No. 58 and Article 34-ter of Regulation No. 11971 as amended.

Any offer, sale or delivery of the securities or distribution of any offer document relating to the securities in Italy (excluding placements where a Qualified Investor solicits an offer from the issuer) under the paragraphs above must be:

•        made by investment firms, banks or financial intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 385 of 1 September 1993 (as amended), Decree No. 58, CONSOB Regulation No. 16190 of 29 October 2007 and any other applicable laws; and

•        in compliance with all relevant Italian securities, tax and exchange controls and any other applicable laws.

Any subsequent distribution of the securities in Italy must be made in compliance with the public offer and prospectus requirement rules provided under Decree No. 58 and the Regulation No. 11971 as amended, unless an exception from those rules applies. Failure to comply with such rules may result in the sale of such securities being declared null and void and in the liability of the entity transferring the securities for any damages suffered by the investors.

Japan

The securities have not been and will not be registered under Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948), as amended (the “FIEL”) pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements applicable to a private placement of securities to Qualified Institutional Investors (as defined in and in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 3 of the FIEL and the regulations promulgated thereunder). Accordingly, the securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan other than Qualified Institutional Investors. Any Qualified Institutional Investor who acquires securities may not resell them to any person in Japan that is not a Qualified Institutional Investor, and acquisition by any such person of securities is conditional upon the execution of an agreement to that effect.

Portugal

This document is not being distributed in the context of a public offer of financial securities (oferta pública de valores mobiliários) in Portugal, within the meaning of Article 109 of the Portuguese Securities Code (Código dos Valores Mobiliários). The securities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal. This document and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the Portuguese Securities Market Commission (Comissăo do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) for approval in Portugal and, accordingly, may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal, other than under circumstances that are deemed not to qualify as a public offer under the Portuguese Securities Code. Such offers, sales and distributions of securities in Portugal are limited to persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Portuguese Securities Code). Only such investors may receive this document and they may not distribute it or the information contained in it to any other person.

Sweden

This document has not been, and will not be, registered with or approved by Finansinspektionen (the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority). Accordingly, this document may not be made available, nor may the securities be offered for sale in Sweden, other than under circumstances that are deemed not to require a prospectus under the Swedish Financial Instruments Trading Act (1991:980) (Sw. lag (1991:980) om handel med finansiella instrument). Any offering of securities in Sweden is limited to persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Financial Instruments Trading Act). Only such investors may receive this document and they may not distribute it or the information contained in it to any other person.

Switzerland

The securities may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (“SIX”) or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of securities will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA).

This document is personal to the recipient only and not for general circulation in Switzerland.

United Arab Emirates

Neither this document nor the securities have been approved, disapproved or passed on in any way by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates, nor have we received authorization or licensing from the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates to market or sell the securities within the United Arab Emirates. This document does not constitute and may not be used for the purpose of an offer or invitation. We may not render services relating to the securities within the United Arab Emirates, including the receipt of applications and/or the allotment or redemption of such shares.

No offer or invitation to subscribe for securities is valid or permitted in the Dubai International Financial Centre.

United Kingdom

Neither the information in this document nor any other document relating to the offer has been delivered for approval to the Financial Services Authority in the United Kingdom and no prospectus (within the meaning of section 85 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (“FSMA”)) has been published or is intended to be published in respect of the securities. This document is issued on a confidential basis to “qualified investors” (within the meaning of section 86(7) of FSMA) in the United Kingdom, and the securities may not be offered or sold in the United Kingdom by means of this document, any accompanying letter or any other document, except in circumstances which do not require the publication of a prospectus pursuant to section 86(1) FSMA. This document should not be distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part, nor may its contents be disclosed by recipients to any other person in the United Kingdom.

Any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of FSMA) received in connection with the issue or sale of the securities has only been communicated or caused to be communicated and will only be communicated or caused to be communicated in the United Kingdom in circumstances in which section 21(1) of FSMA does not apply us.

In the United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed at, persons (i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) (investment professionals) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotions) Order 2005 (“FPO”), (ii) who fall within the categories of persons referred to in Article 49(2)(a) to (d) (high net worth companies, unincorporated associations, etc.) of the FPO or (iii) to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated (together “relevant persons”). The investments to which this document relates are available only to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to purchase will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

Canada

The securities may be sold in Canada only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws. Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor. Pursuant to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriter is not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Pryor Cashman LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters with respect to the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for the underwriter by Sichenzia Ross Ference LLP, New York, New York.

EXPERTS

Our balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021, and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of those two years have been audited by Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report incorporated by reference and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC registering the securities that may be offered and sold hereunder. The registration statement, including exhibits thereto, contains additional relevant information about us and these securities, which as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, we have not included in this prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus. A copy of the registration statement can be obtained at the address set forth below or at the SEC’s website as noted below. You should read the registration statement, including any applicable prospectus supplement, for further information about us and these securities.

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http:/www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room. Because our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market, you may also inspect reports, proxy statements and other information at the offices of the NASDAQ Capital Market.

PROSPECTUS

Crown Electrokinetics Corp.

$100,000,000

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Rights
Units

Up to 2,000,000 Shares of Common Stock Offering by the Selling Stockholder

We may offer from time to time shares of our common stock, preferred stock, senior debt securities (which may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock), subordinated debt securities (which may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock), warrants, rights and units that include any of these securities. We will offer the securities in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering.

The selling stockholder named in this prospectus may also offer up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock from time to time in connection with one or more offerings, at prices and on terms that will be determined in such offerings. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of any securities by the selling stockholder.

Each time we sell securities hereunder, we will attach a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the terms of the offering, including the price at which we are offering the securities to the public. In the case of an offering by the selling stockholder, information about the selling stockholder, including the relationship between the selling stockholder and us, will also be included in the applicable prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained or incorporated in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. You should read this prospectus, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus carefully before you invest in our securities.

The securities hereunder may be offered directly by us, through agents designated from time to time by us or to or through underwriters or dealers. If any agents, dealers or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the section entitled “About This Prospectus” for more information.

The aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates is $ 49,066,408 based on 14,530,126 shares of outstanding common stock, of which 2,232,781 are held by affiliates, and a per share price of $3.99 based on the closing sale price of our common stock on December 31, 2021. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell our common stock in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than one-third of our public float in any 12-month period so long as our public float remains below $75,000,000. We have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus.

Investing in securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement, as updated in our future filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should carefully read and consider these risk factors before you invest in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is January 21, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The distribution of this prospectus may be restricted by law in certain jurisdictions. You should inform yourself about and observe any of these restrictions. If you are in a jurisdiction where offers to sell, or solicitations of offers to purchase, the securities offered by this document are unlawful, or if you are a person to whom it is unlawful to direct these types of activities, then the offer presented in this prospectus does not extend to you.

We have not authorized anyone to give any information or make any representation about us that is different from, or in addition to, that contained in this prospectus, including in any of the materials that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, and any free writing prospectus prepared or authorized by us. Therefore, if anyone does give you information of this sort, you should not rely on it as authorized by us. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.

You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date. Neither the delivery of this prospectus, nor any sale made hereunder, shall under any circumstances create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since the date hereof or that the information incorporated by reference herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date of such information.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we and/or the selling stockholder to be named in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus may, from time to time, offer and sell shares of our common stock; and we may, from time to time, offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.

This prospectus provides certain general information about the securities that we and/or the selling stockholder may offer hereunder. Each time we and/or the selling stockholder sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering and the offered securities. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. In each prospectus supplement, we will include the following information:

•        the number and type of securities that we propose to sell;

•        the public offering price;

•        the names of any underwriters, agents or dealers through or to which the securities will be sold;

•        any compensation of those underwriters, agents or dealers;

•        any additional risk factors applicable to the securities or our business and operations; and

•        any other material information about the offering and sale of the securities.

In addition, the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may also add, update or change the information contained in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will supersede this prospectus to the extent it contains information that is different from, or that conflicts with, the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should read and consider all information contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information contained in the documents identified under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” and “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “Crown,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in this prospectus each refer to Crown Electrokinetics Corp.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus may be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act and may involve material risks, assumptions and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “believe,” “might,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, and which may cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision or update of these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. If we do update or correct one or more forward-looking statements, you should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections with respect thereto or with respect to other forward-looking statements. A detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from our forward-looking statements is included in our periodic reports filed with the SEC and in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.

THE COMPANY

Overview

Crown Electrokinetics Corp. (“Crown” or the “Company”) develops and sells optical switching film that can be embedded between sheets of glass or applied to the surface of glass, or other rigid substrates such as acrylic, to electronically control opacity (“DynamicTint™”). Originally developed by Hewlett-Packard (“HP”), our technology allows a transition between clear and dark in seconds and can be applied to a wide array of windows, including commercial buildings, automotive sunroofs, and residential skylights and windows. At the core of Crown’s proprietary and patent-protected technology is a thin film that is powered by electrically charged pigment which can reduce heat gain replacing common window tints but also providing a more sustainable alternative to blinds and other traditional window treatments.

Electrokinetic Film Technology

Crown’s electrokinetic (EK) technology was derived from proprietary ink and microfluidic technology developed at HP. Electrokinetic refers to the movement of particles within a fluid under the influence of an electric field. Our EK film technology utilizes nanometer-sized pigment particles that are electrically charged and suspended in a liquid that is sandwiched between two clear substrates that are coated with a transparent conductor oxide (TCO) film. Figure 1. In a non-energized state, the suspended pigment particles are distributed uniformly between the plastic films, and will absorb, transmit, or reflect light depending on the properties of the suspended pigment (dark state). When the proper electrical signal is applied to the conductive TCO layers, an electrical field is created, and the charged pigment particles collect in micro-embossed holes in a layer of polymer resin covering the transparent conductor surface. As the charged pigment particles are collected, the fluid becomes highly transparent (clear state). By applying a different electrical signal, the pigment can be dispersed back into the fluid to achieve the desired color density or opaqueness.

Highlights

•        Clear Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Substrates — Same material as window tinting films.

•        Transparent Conductor on PET — Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) — same as most touch screens.

•        Electronic Ink — Nanoparticles suspended in a fluid which absorb light.

•        Energy Source — Nanoparticles are controlled through DC low voltage applied to the ITO conductor material which is powered by a lithium-ion battery that is charged with a solar cell strip, no hard-wiring necessary.

Our plastic films are manufactured using industry standard roll-to-roll (R2R) processing equipment. The Company believes its R2R processing will have an inherently lower manufacturing cost compared to sheet-based processing methods used for other smart window technologies like electrochromic glass. There are three basic steps to making our film using R2R equipment.

1)      Deposition: R2R TCO deposition on clear polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic film using vacuum sputtering of indium-tin oxide (ITO). The ITO on PET film can be provided by a number of suppliers. Millions of square feet of ITO on PET are currently provided for nearly all capacitance-based display touch screens.

2)      Embossing: R2R embossing of UV-curable resin in a proprietary and patent protected 3-D pattern for ink pigment control and containment on one of the two plastic films. An example of the embossed pattern is shown in Figure 2. The R2R embossing process can be completed by various plastic film companies. Crown has the capability to accomplish the coating and embossing steps within its current facility in addition to working with manufacturing partners.

3)      Lamination: The final R2R process laminates the two layers of PET together with the proprietary and patent protected pigment-containing fluid contained by the wall structure shown by the white areas in Figure 2. The wall area has adhesion to the upper layer of PET with ITO film thereby sealing the fluid between the two plastic layers. The fluid contains nanometer-sized pigment particles that are charged electrically and suspended in the fluid.

We believe that DynamicTintTM has the following distinct advantages over existing optical electronic film technologies:

•        Neutral Color — Pigment is designed to be color neutral and will not affect the hue of what is viewed through the window in any clear, dark or tinted state.

•        Speed — Transition time is typically a few seconds.

•        Affordability — Roll-to-Roll film manufacturing using relatively inexpensive materials.

•        Low Energy Requirements — Film is low voltage and can be powered with a small battery charged by a solar cell strip or wired to an existing electrical infrastructure including a LAN line.

•        Retro-Fit — Film can be applied in a Smart Window Insert (“Inserts”), which can be placed within existing window frames, eliminating the needs for both window treatments or to replace single pane windows with dual pane windows.

•        Sustainable — Reduces energy used to heat or cool a room via HVAC systems and can use renewable energy to transition the film.

•        Lease vs Purchase — Creative and flexible financing allows for customers to lease Inserts on a long-term basis and avoid large capital expenditures.

Smart Window Insert powered by DynamicTintTM

Crown’s first product will be the Smart Window Insert powered by DynamicTintTM which is specifically designed for retrofitting in the domestic and international commercial real estate install base. Our DynamicTintTM can be laminated to other surfaces like heat-treated glass or acrylic and the laminated sheet can be assembled in Smart Window Inserts that can be placed into the interior side of the window frame providing the dynamic tinting capability as well as additional insulation and sound proofing to the existing windows (Figure 3).

The Insert is a custom-sized panel comprised of a rigid substrate (thin glass or acrylic) with a silicon compliant edge seal that allows for the insert to securely fit into the interior side of the window frame.

Some of the Insert’s features include:

•        Solar-powered — eliminating the need to hardwire it into the building’s electrical system

•        Wirelessly enabled — facilitating communication with all the other installed inserts and integration with the building’s management software system

•        Sensor equipped — enabling the Insert to auto-sense the intensity of exterior light and interior ambient light

•        Software enabled — can be managed via programmed macros, dynamically managed by the building, or user-controlled within an office

•        Data collection — allowing optimization of the Inserts/curtain wall energy performance

We believe Crown’s Smart Window Inserts can be easily installed into commercial buildings, residential windows, skylights, and windows within garage doors. In commercial buildings, our Smart Window Inserts can be used to convert existing single pane windows into dual pane windows. Crown believes that there is a significant opportunity to provide Smart Window Inserts to commercial building owners who are looking to eliminate window blinds, gain energy efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions.

Sustainability

Crown is aware that working towards building a sustainable future is a common goal shared by many. Companies such as Walmart, Amazon and Apple are now publishing their sustainability pledges, and we are seeing a trend of pledging to make their workplaces more environmentally friendly.

Crown’s patented technology provides a solution that helps address many sustainability issues such as:

•        Reducing waste — as opposed to replacing single pane window units with newly manufactured dual pane windows, Crown allows building owners to install our retrofit Smart Window Insert into existing single pane window frames thereby creating a dual pane window;

•        Reducing energy — Crown’s Insert reduces HVAC energy consumption by reducing the need for constantly cooling and heating a room, reducing the customers carbon emissions. Initial field testing suggests HVAC energy savings of up to 26% could potentially result from the installation of Smart Window Inserts. According to FacilitiesNet (https://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Smart-Window-Benefit-Energy-Savings-Reduced-Glare--17280), the ability to control the amount of heat entering a building reduces the heat load of the building which in turn reduces your HVAC usage.;

•        Using renewable energy — Crown’s Smart Window Insert is low voltage and low wattage and can be powered by a solar strip that captures the sun’s energy and is integrated into the Insert itself thereby eliminating the need to hardwire the Insert to the home or building’s electrical system.

Another benefit of DynamicTint is being able to optimize daylight usage, thereby reducing the usage of lights. A study done by Project Drawdown (https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/dynamic-glass) projected that if 30-50% of commercial building spaces install dynamic glass, the potential climate-weighted energy efficiency from cooling is estimated at 9% and lighting at 9% — depending on local climate, building location and window orientation. This can result in 0.3-0.5 gigatons of emissions reductions from decreased energy use.

At Crown, we are committed to building a product that can be self-sufficient and does not require an additional power source or hard wiring into the electrical system of a residential home or commercial building. This ensures that as we reduce a building’s energy consumption, we are not adding to it and are working towards being carbon neutral.

Intellectual Property

On January 31, 2016, we entered into an IP agreement with HP to acquire a research license to determine the feasibility of incorporating HP’s electrokinetic display technology in our products. On February 4, 2021, Crown and HP entered into a fourth amendment to the agreement. Pursuant to such amendment, among other items, the parties agreed to amend the list of patent and patent applications, which includes two additional patents (the “HP Patents”) that are assignable to the Company by HP upon the exercise of the Company’s option to acquire the HP Patents (the “Option”). In connection with the Company’s exercise of the Option, the Company paid HP an aggregate amount equal to One Million Five Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($1,550,000) on February 9, 2021. From the date of the exercise of the Option until January 1, 2030, the Company agreed to pay to HP a royalty fee based on the cumulative gross revenue received by the Company from the HP Patents as follows:

In addition, the Company has current patent applications in the United States and other countries that if granted, would add three additional patents to its portfolio. The Company’s United States patents expire at various dates from March 26, 2028 through March 10, 2036.

On July 23, 2021, the Company entered into a Patent Assignment Agreement with International Business Machines Corporation to acquire an ownership interest in ten patents.

The Company believes that its EK technology is adequately protected by its patent position and by its proprietary technological know-how. However, the validity of the Company’s patents has never been contested in any litigation. The Company also possesses know-how and relies on trade secrets and nondisclosure agreements to protect its technology. The Company requires any employee, consultant, or licensee having access to its confidential information to execute an agreement whereby such person agrees to keep such information confidential.

Crown-Owned Patents

____________

*        Co-owned with University of Cincinnati

**      Inactive

In-Licensed Patents

Business Model

We intend to develop and sell our patented EK Technology under the name DynamicTint™. We intend to generate revenue by selling, and in some cases leasing, DynamicTint™ film or Smart Window Inserts powered by DynamicTint™ to our customers.

Crown’s first product will be the Smart Window Insert powered by DynamicTint™ for retrofitting in commercial buildings. Crown’s commercial building Smart Window Inserts will allow the building owner to quickly convert its single pane window units to a dual pane window unit. Crown’s inserts will act as the “second pane” and will allow the building owner to enjoy all the benefits of a dual pane window without having to replace their existing single pane windows.

Crowns’ customers will be able to buy and own their Smart Window Inserts but also, at some stage, have the option to enter long-term leases of the Inserts with Crown.

Additional applications we are exploring with potential customers of Crown’s DynamicTintTM include:

•        Commercial and multi-family buildings: new construction.

•        Residential homes: residential windows, garage door windows, windows contained in and surrounding residential front doors as well as residential skylights.

•        Automotive: sunroofs and sun visors.

Partners and Customers

On December 27, 2021, Crown executed a Master Supply Agreement (the “HPP MSA”) with Hudson Pacific Properties L.P. for the installation of Crown’s energy saving Smart Window Inserts in several office properties across its West Coast portfolio. The HPP MSA provides the master terms and conditions under which purchase orders will be executed for Crown to supply units to retrofit windows at certain locations.

Prior to this, on September 27, 2021, Crown had entered into a Master Supply Agreement with MetroSpaces Inc., Crown’s first commercial customer, install its Smart Window Inserts in MetroSpaces’ 70,000 square-foot Houston, Texas office building.

In the future, Crown and both of these customers may enter into multiple specific transactions by executing purchase orders for additional buildings.

Additionally, discussions with multiple other building owners to buy Crown Smart Window Inserts are progressing as the regulatory and consumer pressure to reduce the level of energy consumption and carbon emissions, continues to build.

Crown will pursue multiple paths to having its film manufactured which may include contracting manufacturing through third parties and developing its own manufacturing capabilities, or a hybrid of both. Crown is developing its manufacturing capabilities to meet anticipated demand for the Smart Window Insert through a combination of in-house tooling at both its Oregon facilities located in Corvallis for film production, and Salem for Smart Window Insert manufacture and assembly, as well as via contract manufacturing partnerships which are currently being negotiated.

Smart Glass Industry Trends

We believe there are favorable converging global trends in the major near-term markets for “smart glass” products. Key factors driving the growth of the smart glass market are the growing demand for smart glass for energy savings for existing commercial and residential buildings. Added to this trend are government mandates and legislation for energy-efficient construction of both commercial and residential buildings. There is a growing opportunity for smart windows in the transportation industry including automobiles, commercial trucks, buses, and passenger rail cars.

In both public and private sectors across the world, there are substantial efforts targeted toward the promotion and use of energy efficient smart glass materials, including those used in automobiles, windows and other architectural glazings.

In September 2020, Markets and Markets issued Smart Glass Market with COVID-19 Impact by Technology (Suspended Particle Display, Electrochromic, Liquid Crystal), Application (Architecture, Transportation, Consumer Electronics), and Geography — Global Forecast to 2025. The smart glass market size is expected to grow from USD 3.8 billion in 2020 to USD 6.8 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 12.1% during the forecast period. The growth of the smart glass industry is driven by factors, such as the growing adoption of smart glass in automotive application and, declining prices for electrochromic material. Other major driving factors for smart glass adoption include supportive government mandates and legislation on energy efficiency. Governing bodies of various countries are increasingly encouraging the use of these energy-efficient products.

Smart glass has inherent energy-saving and auto-dimming properties, which reduce its maintenance cost. As a result, the perceived benefits of these glass products are more than the incurred investments.

Crown believes that the smart glass industry is in the initial phase of growth and that DynamicTintTM film may have commercial applicability in many products where variable light-control is desired.

Our Technology

DynamicTintTM combines many of the favorable properties of the other smart window technologies. It has fast-switching time and unlike electrochromic (EC) technology, modulation in light level is not area dependent and the film is neutral in color in all settings. Unlike Suspended Particles Devices (SPD) and Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) technology, EK film does not need high voltage alternating current to power the film. Because of the low power requirements, EK films can be powered with batteries or combined with small area solar cells, allowing retrofit to existing windows. Furthermore, in the future EK film could be made with other colorants and it is possible with modification to the design to use two colorants in the same film, which has been demonstrated in the recent past under a research project at the University of Cincinnati. Below is a table outlining some of the typical properties of each technology.

Other Smart Glass Technologies

Variable light transmission technologies can be classified into two basic types: “active” technologies that can be controlled electrically by the user either automatically or manually, and “passive” technologies that can only react to ambient environmental conditions such as changes in lighting or temperature. Most of the technologies are “active”. One type that is passive is thermochromic technology where a rise in temperature will darken the film applied to glass.

The Company believes that our DynamicTint has certain performance advantages over other “smart glass” technologies and that pricing and product performance are the two main factors critical to the adoption of smart glass products. Because the non-EK smart glass technologies listed below do not have published, consistent pricing or cost data that can be relied upon, the Company cannot accurately report its price position relative to these other technologies. In terms of product performance, the Company believes that DynamicTint offers numerous advantages over other smart glass technologies as discussed below.

____________

Ref. 1: SPD Film — LCF-1103DHA90 Showa Denko Material Co.

Electrochromic Glass

Electrochromic (EC) glass technology has been used as a light absorbing technology for rear view mirrors in automobiles for decades, and more recently for large-scale windows. However, the EC technology developed for windows is based on a different set of materials that are directly deposited on the heat-treated glass panels. All the current EC companies are using tungsten oxide as the main component involved in the color transition from clear to blue. Because of the nature of the chemical transition of the tungsten oxide, the EC film does not absorb as much of the blue light and so remaining light will have a strong blue hue both in the room and looking through

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making any investment decision, you should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below, the information under the caption “Risk Factors” in any applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you and the information under the caption “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly report on Form 10-Q that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

These risks could materially affect our business, results of operation or financial condition and affect the value of our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified may also materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition and could result in a complete loss of your investment. You could lose all or part of your investment. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Risks Related to Our Securities and the Offering

Future sales or other dilution of our equity could depress the market price of our common stock.

Sales of our common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights or convertible debt securities, or any combination of the foregoing, in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could negatively impact the price of our common stock.

In addition, the issuance of additional shares of our common stock, securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock, other equity-linked securities, including preferred stock, warrants or rights or any combination of these securities pursuant to this prospectus will dilute the ownership interest of our common shareholders and could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.

We may need to seek additional capital. If this additional financing is obtained through the issuance of equity securities, debt securities convertible into equity or options, warrants or rights to acquire equity securities, our existing shareholders could experience significant dilution upon the issuance, conversion or exercise of such securities.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds we receive from the sale our securities pursuant to this prospectus and might not apply the proceeds in ways that increase the value of your investment.

Our management will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds from any offerings under this prospectus, and you will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of these proceeds. Except as described in any prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you, the net proceeds received by us from our sale of the securities described in this prospectus will be added to our general funds and will be used for general corporate purposes. Our management might not apply the net proceeds from offerings of our securities in ways that increase the value of your investment and might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, on any investment of such net proceeds. You may not have the opportunity to influence our decisions on how to use such proceeds.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. In the case of a sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholder, we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock.

SELLING STOCKHOLDER

This prospectus also relates to the possible resale by one of our stockholders of up to an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock (plus an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued upon stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions in accordance with Rule 416 under the Securities Act) that were previously acquired by such stockholder in connection with our formation and through the selling stockholder’s service as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Unless the context otherwise requires, as used in this prospectus, “selling stockholder” includes the selling stockholder named in the table below and donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors-in-interest selling shares received from the selling shareholders as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer after the date of this prospectus, and any such persons will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We are registering the shares of common stock in order to permit the selling stockholder to offer the shares for resale from time to time.

The selling stockholder is Doug Croxall, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The selling stockholder is not an affiliate of any broker-dealer.

The following table, based upon information currently known by us, sets forth as of January 12, 2021: (i) the number of shares of common stock held of record or beneficially by the selling shareholders as of such date (as determined below); and (ii) the number of shares that may be offered under this prospectus by the selling shareholders. The beneficial ownership of the common stock set forth in the following table is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. This table is based upon information supplied to us by the selling shareholders and information filed with the SEC. The selling shareholders may sell or transfer all or a portion of their shares of our common stock pursuant to any available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

____________

(1)      We do not know when or in what amounts the selling stockholder will offer shares for sale, if at all. The selling stockholder may sell any or all of the shares included in and offered by this prospectus. Because the selling stockholder may offer all or some of the shares pursuant to this offering, we cannot estimate the number of shares that will be held by the selling stockholder after completion of this offering. However, for purposes of this table, we have assumed that after completion of this offering, none of the shares included in and covered by this prospectus will be held by the selling stockholder.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following is a summary of our capital stock and certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our certificate of incorporation, as amended, our bylaws and applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the DGCL.

See “Where You Can Find More Information” elsewhere in this prospectus for information on where you can obtain copies of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, which have been filed with and are publicly available from the SEC. Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

As of September 30, 2021, there were 14,856,480 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding, held by approximately 1,833 stockholders of record.

Our common stock is currently traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CRKN.”

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights.    Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters presented to the shareholders for a vote. Holders of shares of common stock have no cumulative voting, preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. All shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to this registration statement will be duly authorized, fully paid and non-assessable. Our board of directors determines if and when distributions may be paid out of legally available funds to the holders. To date, we have not declared any dividends with respect to our common stock. Our declaration of any cash dividends in the future will depend on our Board of Directors’ determination as to whether, in light of our earnings, financial position, cash requirements and other relevant factors existing at the time, it appears advisable to do so. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future.

Rights Upon Liquidation.    Upon liquidation, subject to the right of any holders of the preferred stock to receive preferential distributions, each outstanding share of common stock may participate pro rata in the assets remaining after payment of, or adequate provision for, all our known debts and liabilities.

Majority Voting.    The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock constitute a quorum at any meeting of the shareholders. A plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders elects our directors. The common stock does not have cumulative voting rights. Therefore, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of our directors. In general, a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders must authorize shareholder actions other than the election of directors. Most amendments to our certificate of incorporation require the vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding voting shares.

VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598, is the registrar and transfer agent of our common stock.

All issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. Shares of our common stock that may be offered, from time to time, under this prospectus will be fully paid and nonassessable.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Provisions

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination,” except under certain circumstances, with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the date such person became an “interested stockholder” unless:

•        before such person became an interested stockholder, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the interested stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

•        upon the consummation of the transaction that resulted in the interested stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares held by directors who also are officers of the corporation and shares held by employee stock plans; or

•        at or following the time such person became an interested stockholder, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation authorized at a meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

The term “interested stockholder” generally is defined as a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or, within the three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, owned, 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. The term “business combination” includes mergers, asset or stock sales and other similar transactions resulting in a financial benefit to an interested stockholder. Section 203 makes it more difficult for an “interested stockholder” to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period. The existence of this provision would be expected to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders. Presently, we have not opted out of this provision.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

As of September 30, 2021, 502,450 shares of preferred stock had been issued or were outstanding.

Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to determine the rights and preferences of the shares of any such series without stockholder approval. Our board of directors may issue preferred stock in one or more series and has the authority to fix the designation and powers, rights and preferences and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions with respect to each class or series of such class without further vote or action by the stockholders, unless action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. The ability of our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of us or the removal of existing management. Further, our board of director may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock.

Our board of directors previously designated 300 shares of our authorized preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), 1,500 shares as Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) and 600,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”). As of September 30, 2021, 251 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 1,443 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 500,756 shares of Series C Preferred Stock remain issued and outstanding.

The preferences, rights and terms of the Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock are identical except for the conversion price associated with each. The Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the stated value of such Preferred Stock (which is $1,000) by the conversion price. The initial conversion price is $0.43068 for the Series A Preferred Stock and $0.219183 for the Series B Preferred Stock. The initial conversion price shall be adjusted in the event that we (i) pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution or distributions payable in shares of our common stock, (ii) subdivide outstanding shares of our common stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combine (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of our common stock into a small number of shares, or (iv) issue, in the event of a reclassification of shares of our common stock, any shares of our capital stock. If (i) the closing price of our common stock exceeds 300% of the then-current conversion price for five consecutive trading days, (ii) the daily average trading volume during thirty consecutive trading days was in excess of $100,000 per trading day, (iii) our common stock is DWAC eligible and not subject to a “DTC chill” and (iv) the shares of our common stock are freely tradeable pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, we have the right to require the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred to convert all remaining shares of such Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock into shares of common stock. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Each outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock entitles the holder, from and after the second anniversary of the issuance date thereof, to quarterly dividends at an annual rate of 8% of the stated value per share of Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock (subject to adjustment), payable in either cash or shares of common stock at our discretion. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of our assets an amount equal to the stated value for each share of Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of our common stock. Thereafter, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive the same amount that a holder of our common stock is entitled to receive if the shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock were fully converted into shares of our common stock, which amounts are to be paid pari passu with holders of our common stock.

Each share of Series C Preferred Stock will have a stated valued of $1.00 per share. From and after the second anniversary the holders of Series C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive quarterly cumulative dividends or distributions at the annual rate of 8% of the stated value per share (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock). Such dividend shall be paid in cash or at the direction of the Company’s board of directors, in duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock, or a combination thereof. All

declared but unpaid dividends on shares of Series C Preferred Stock shall increase the stated value of such shares, but when such dividends are actually paid any such increase in the stated value shall be rescinded. The holders shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on shares of Series C Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Company’s common stock or other junior securities. The Series C Preferred Stock has no voting rights. Each share of Series C Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the original issue date at the option of the holder, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the stated value of such shares of Series C Preferred Stock by the conversion price. The conversion price for the Series C Preferred Stock shall equal $0.893, subject to adjustment.

We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of that series of preferred stock. This description will include, but not be limited to, the following:

•        the title and stated value;

•        the number of shares we are offering;

•        the liquidation preference per share;

•        the purchase price;

•        the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;

•        whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

•        the provisions for a sinking fund, if any;

•        the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;

•        whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;

•        whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;

•        voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;

•        preemptive rights, if any;

•        restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

•        a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

•        the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;

•        any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and

•        any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. When we offer to sell debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of any debt securities offered from time to time in a supplement to this prospectus, which may supplement or change the terms outlined below. Senior debt securities will be issued under one or more senior indentures, dated as of a date prior to such issuance, between us and a trustee to be named in a prospectus supplement, as amended or supplemented from time to time. Any subordinated debt securities will be issued under one or more subordinated indentures, dated as of a date prior to such issuance, between us and a trustee to be named in a prospectus supplement, as amended or supplemented from time to time. The indentures will be subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

Before we issue any debt securities, the form of indentures will be filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or as an exhibit to a current report on Form 8-K. For the complete terms of the debt securities, you should refer to the applicable prospectus supplement and the form of indentures for those particular debt securities. We encourage you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and the form of indenture for those particular debt securities before you purchase any of our debt securities.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:

•        the title;

•        whether or not such debt securities are guaranteed;

•        the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;

•        any limit on the amount that may be issued;

•        whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, the terms and who the depositary will be;

•        the maturity date;

•        the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

•        whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

•        the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;

•        the place where payments will be payable;

•        restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

•        our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

•        the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;

•        the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

•        any restrictions our ability to:

•        incur additional indebtedness;

•        issue additional securities;

•        create liens;

•        pay dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock;

•        redeem capital stock;

•        make investments or other restricted payments;

•        sell or otherwise dispose of assets;

•        enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

•        engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; or

•        effect a consolidation or merger;

•        whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;

•        a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;

•        information describing any book-entry features;

•        provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;

•        the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities;

•        the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and

•        any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses, and the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants being offered, including:

•        the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;

•        the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;

•        if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

•        if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

•        in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;

•        in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;

•        the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;

•        the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;

•        any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;

•        the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;

•        the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified;

•        a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;

•        the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and

•        any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:

•        in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or

•        in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.

If any warrants represented by the warrant certificate are not exercised, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.

DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS

We may issue rights to purchase our common stock or preferred stock, in one or more series. Rights may be issued independently or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the subscription rights. In connection with any rights offering to our stockholders, we may enter into a standby underwriting arrangement with one or more underwriters pursuant to which such underwriters will purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed after such rights offering. In connection with a rights offering to our stockholders, we will distribute certificates evidencing the rights and a prospectus supplement to our stockholders on the record date that we set for receiving rights in such rights offering. The applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will describe the following terms of rights in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

•        the title of such rights;

•        the securities for which such rights are exercisable;

•        the exercise price for such rights;

•        the date of determining the security holders entitled to the rights distribution;

•        the number of such rights issued to each security holder;

•        the extent to which such rights are transferable;

•        if applicable, a discussion of the material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the issuance or exercise of such rights;

•        the date on which the right to exercise such rights shall commence, and the date on which such rights shall expire (subject to any extension);

•        the conditions to completion of the rights offering;

•        any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the rights;

•        the extent to which such rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;

•        if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or other purchase arrangement that we may enter into in connection with the rights offering; and

•        any other terms of such rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such rights.

Each right will entitle the holder thereof the right to purchase for cash such amount of shares of common stock or preferred stock, or any combination thereof, at such exercise price as shall in each case be set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the prospectus supplement relating to the rights offered thereby. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for such rights set forth in the prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void. Rights may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the rights offered thereby. Upon receipt of payment and the proper completion and due execution of the rights certificate at the office of the rights agent, if any, or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will forward, as soon as practicable, the shares of common stock and/or preferred stock purchasable upon such exercise. We may determine to offer any unsubscribed offered securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby underwriting arrangements, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.