Note 3 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Accounting estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain. Significant estimates and assumptions made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, but not limited to, valuation of its business combination, estimated fair value of convertible notes, estimated fair value of warrant lability, Series F/F-1/F-2 preferred stock, stock option awards for stock-based compensation and operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities. In our MD&A, the Company discloses the impact of the estimated fair value of convertible notes and warrant liabilities on our consolidated results of operations, highlighting how changes in these valuations, driven by market conditions and our assumptions, significantly influence our financial performance. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-balance Sheet Risk

Cash are financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk. The Company’s cash is deposited in accounts at large financial institutions, and amounts may exceed the standard federally insured limits totaling $250,000. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable relate primarily from fiber optics purchase agreements entered with its customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of the customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from customers and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon the collectability of the customer accounts. The Company reviews the allowance by considering certain factors such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, age of balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Uncollectible receivables are written off when all efforts to collect have been exhausted and recoveries are recognized when they are recovered. The provision for credit losses was nominal as of December 31, 2023.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to ten years. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the assets disposed of and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in other expense–net. Repair and maintenance expenditures, which are not considered improvements and do not extend the useful life of an asset, are expensed as incurred.

Definite-lived Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives are comprised of patents and licenses for developed technology, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives, which is their contractual term or estimated useful life. Patents consist of filing and legal fees incurred, which are initially recorded at cost.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Definite-lived intangibles

The Company reviews long-lived assets (including property and equipment, lease related ROU Assets, and definite-lived intangible assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is determined by first grouping the long-lived assets at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows, and then comparing the carrying value of each asset group to its forecasted undiscounted cash flows. If the evaluation of the forecasted cash flows indicates that the carrying value of the assets is not recoverable, an impairment test of the asset group is performed. Impairment is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the company recorded impairment of intangible assets of $0.2 million related to the acquisition of Amerigen 7. There were no impairment charges recorded for any long-lived assets during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company follows the accounting guidance in ASC 820 for its fair value measurements of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Under this accounting guidance, fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.

The accounting guidance requires fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, for similar assets or liabilities that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Notes Payable at Fair Value

The Company has elected the fair value option for the recognition of its convertible notes and notes payable, with changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations. As a result of applying the fair value option, direct costs and fees related to the convertible notes and notes payable are recognized in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company includes the interest expense as a component of the notes fair value.

Warrants

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the fair value of the instruments at each reporting period. The liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company was estimated using the Black-Scholes model.

SLOC

The Company accounts for its warrants related to the SLOC as stockholders’ equity, and therefore, the warrants are not revalued after issuance. The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to value the warrants at issuance.

On March 23, 2022, the Company entered into an Irrevocable $10 million Standby Letter of Credit (“SLOC”). The SLOC accrues interest at a rate of 12% per annum and matures 2 years from the issuance date of the SLOC. Interest is payable quarterly. In connection with the SLOC, the Company issued a warrant for 200,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2. Additionally, the Company will issue 50,000 shares of its restricted common stock with each cash draw of $1.0 million. Drawdowns are capped at a maximum of $5 million in the first six months. As of December 31, 2023, the balance remaining on the SLOC is approximately $0.1 million of which the company has agreed to a payment plan with the lender to have this paid off within the following year.

Purchase Order Warrants

The Company accounts for its warrants issued in connection with purchase orders in accordance with ASC 606. With respect to the warrant, the Company accounts for it as consideration payable to a customer under ASC 606, as it relates to the future purchases. The Company measured the fair value of the warrant using the Black-Scholes model on the issuance date, with the value being recognized as a prepaid asset in the consolidated balance sheets, up to the recoverable value represented by the value of the contract.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by following a five-step process:

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the time between the goods or service being transferred to the customer and the customer pays is one year or less.

The Company generates revenue from providing fiber splicing services as required based on short-term work orders assigned by customers. The Company is required to complete the description of work described in the work order and test the service provided prior to any recognition of revenue and invoicing. The short-term work orders are generally completed within two weeks. The Company is required to adhere to the rules and regulations that are outlined in the Agreement between the Company and the Customer.

Cost of revenue is based on individual work orders and detailed description of work to be performed. All of the revenue is recognized immediately upon completion of each work order. A 5% retainage is typically withheld by the Customer upon payment of invoices and will be paid to the Company within one year after completion of the contract. The retainage can be utilized by Customer for any claims that may arise after work is completed up through one year after completion.

Revenue is generated by the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Crown Fiber Optics Corporation, and was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. No revenue was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses

The Company evaluates its receivables on a collective, i.e., pool, basis if they share similar risk characteristics. The Company evaluates a receivable individually if its risk characteristics are not similar to other receivables. The Company reviews it’s receivables regularly to identify any impairment indicators or changes in expected recoverability of the receivable. At each reporting date, if the Company determines expected future cash flows discounted to the current period are less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record impairment. The impairment will be recognized as an allowance expense that increases the receivable asset’s cumulative allowance, which reduces the net carrying value of the receivable. In a subsequent period, if there is an increase in expected future cash flows, or if the actual cash flows are greater than previously expected, the Company will reduce the previously established cumulative allowance. Amounts not expected to be collected are written off against the allowance at the time that such a determination is made. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had no significant receivables that fits any of the criteria as described above.

Segment and Reporting Unit Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is determined to be the CODM. The Company has two operating segments and two reportable segments as of December 31, 2023, which includes the film group and fiber optics group. Revenue recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 relates to the fiber optics group.

Research and Development

Research and development costs, including in-process research and development acquired as part of an asset acquisition for which there is no alternative future use, is expensed as incurred. Advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting by recognizing the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, measured at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the aforementioned amounts.

Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, including estimates for intangible assets. Although the Company believes the assumptions and estimates made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets we have acquired include future expected cash flows from customer contracts. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates, or actual results. The initial purchase price may be adjusted as needed per the terms of the arrangement agreement. The allocation of purchase price, including any fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date has not been completed. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred.

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs

The Company accounts for debt issuance costs related to its line of credit and equity line of credit as a deferred asset on the consolidated balance sheets, which is amortized over the life of the line of credit and equity line of credit. Since the Company has elected the fair value option for its convertible notes (see Note 11), upon a draw down, a portion of the deferred asset balance will be amortized and recognized as other income (expense) on the consolidated statements of operations. On the issuance date of the Company’s line of credit, the cost related to issuance of the Series E preferred shares and the warrant to purchase Series E preferred shares was recorded as a deferred asset. On the issuance date of the Company’s equity line of credit, the cost related to issuance of common stock was recorded as a deferred asset.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquired business over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually at the reporting unit level on October 1st of each calendar year. Impairment loss, if any, is recognized based on a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, without consideration of any recoverability. In assessing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If we conclude that goodwill is impaired, an impairment charge is recorded to the extent that the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The Company has two reporting units, which consist of the Film Group and Fiber Optics Group, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The goodwill balance of $0.7 million relates to the Amerigen7 acquisition, which entirely comprises the Fiber Optics Group reporting unit.

As of December 31, 2023, all the acquired assets and assumed liabilities that relate to the original Amerigen7 acquisition have been written off and all the key employees have been terminated. Due to these key qualitative changes to the Fiber Optics Group after the acquisition, the Company has concluded that the goodwill balance associated with the Amerigen7 acquisition is fully impaired as there are no future expected cash flows from the acquired Amerigen7 business. The Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $0.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees and non-employees based on a graded expense attribution over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

Expected Term - The expected term of options represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding based on the simplified method, which is the half-life from vesting to the end of its contractual term. The simplified method was used because the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis for an estimate of expected term.

Expected Volatility - The Company uses a blended volatility that includes its common stock trading history and supplements the remaining historical information with the trading history from the common stock of a set of comparable publicly traded companies. 

Risk-Free Interest Rate - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.

Expected Dividend - The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its common shares and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, uses an expected dividend yield of zero in its valuation models.

The Company accounts for forfeited awards as they occur.

Income taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability each period. If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future changes in such valuation allowance are included in the provision for deferred income taxes in the period of change.

ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”), also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition. Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions would be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in material changes to its financial position.

In its consolidated financial statements, the Company utilizes an expected annual effective tax rate in determining its income tax provisions for the interim periods. That rate differs from U.S. statutory rates primarily as a result of valuation allowance related to the Company’s net operating loss carryforward as a result of the historical losses of the Company.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases. Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as both a right of use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right of use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right of use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term.

In calculating the right of use asset and lease liability, the Company elects to combine lease and non-lease components as permitted under ASC 842. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of two components: net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive (loss) income refers to gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net loss. The Company did not record any transactions within other comprehensive loss in the periods presented and, therefore, the net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented.

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity unless inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.

As the Company was in a net loss position for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (in thousands except share and per share amounts):

Securities that could potentially dilute loss per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is considered to be an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (JOBS Act). The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes FASB Topic 840, Leases (Topic 840) and provides principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than twelve months regardless of classification. Leases with a term of twelve months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842) Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which amends ASU 2016-02 to provide entities an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current lease guidance in Topic 842. An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date that the entity adopts Topic 842. The standard will be effective for non-public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2022 using the optional transition method to apply the standard as of the effective date. Accordingly, previously reported financial statements, including footnote disclosures, have not been recast to reflect the application of the new standard to all comparative periods presented. Adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2022 had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The most significant impacts related to the recognition of ROU assets of $1.8 million and lease liabilities of $1.8 million for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheet. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The standard did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of cash flows.

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This update permits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. On January 1, 2022, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. On January 1, 2022, the adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (“Topic 326”): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-13 introduce an approach based on expected losses to estimated credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, modify the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provide for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The new standard requires financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, using a modified retrospective approach. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 and related updates as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. ASU 2023-06 incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosure requirements published in SEC Release No. 33-10532: Disclosure Update and Simplification into various topics within the ASC. ASU 2023-06’s amendments represent clarifications to, or technical corrections of, current requirements. For SEC registrants, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt annual requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024 and interim requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on its financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and for entities other than public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2023-09 and related updates on January 1, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on its financial statement disclosures.